Greenland melting breaks record four weeks before season's end

ScienceDaily (Aug. 15, 2012) ? Melting over the Greenland ice sheet shattered the seasonal record on August 8 -- a full four weeks before the close of the melting season, reports Marco Tedesco, assistant professor of Earth and atmospheric sciences at The City College of New York.

The melting season in Greenland usually lasts from June -- when the first puddles of meltwater appear -- to early-September, when temperatures cool. This year, cumulative melting in the first week in August had already exceeded the record of 2010, taken over a full season, according to Professor Tedesco's ongoing analysis.

"With more yet to come in August, this year's overall melting will fall way above the old records. That's a goliath year -- the greatest melt since satellite recording began in 1979," said Professor Tedesco.

This spells a change for the face of southern Greenland, he added, with the ice sheet thinning at its edges and lakes on top of glaciers proliferating.

Professor Tedesco noted that these changes jibe with what most of the models predict -- the difference is how quickly this seems to be happening.

To quantify the changes, he calculated the duration and extent of melting throughout the season across the whole ice sheet, using data collected by microwave satellite sensors. (The National Snow and Ice Data Center provided satellite data from the United States Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.)

This 'cumulative melting index' can be seen as a measure of the 'strength' of the melting season: the higher the index, the more melting has occurred. (The index is defined as the number of days when melting occurs multiplied by the total area subject to melting.)

Dr. Thomas Mote, Professor of Geography at the University of Georgia and colleague of Professor Tedesco, confirmed that the cumulative melt in 2012 had surpassed that of 2010 using a similar analysis.

The August 8th record differs from NASA's announcement of unprecedented melting in mid-July, reported by Professor Tedesco and other researchers. Then, they found that the Greenland ice sheet had melted over 97 percent of its surface.

"That event was exceptional in the sense that it was an extremely rare event," said Professor Tedesco. "Imagine Rio de Janeiro under a layer of snow and you get the idea."

The extreme melting detected in mid-July, on the other hand, generated liquid water that refroze after a few days. "This changed the physical properties of the snowpack -- making a slushy layer that turned into an icy crust after refreezing -- but very likely it did not add to the runoff of meltwater that makes sea levels rise."

The cumulative melting index, on the other hand, does account for water flowing to the ocean. The same meltwater can affect ice dynamics by lubricating the base of the ice sheet and speeding its slide toward the sea.

This year, Greenland experienced extreme melting in nearly every region -- the west, northwest and northeast of the continent -- but especially at high elevations. In most years, the ice and snow at high elevations in southern Greenland melt for a few days at most. This year it has already gone on for two months.

"We have to be careful because we are only talking about a couple of years and the history of Greenland happened over millennia," cautioned Professor Tedesco. "But as far as we know now, the warming that we see in the Artic is responsible for triggering processes that enhance melting and for the feedback mechanisms that keep it going. Looking over the past few years, the exception has become part of the norm."

The NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program and the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored this research.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/784xaXD7YNg/120815121318.htm

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Why Multifamily Rental Property Investing Is the Best Real Estate ...

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Source: http://www.northmetrominneapolis.org/why-multifamily-rental-property-investing-is-the-best-real-estate-strategy

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Seeking Air Max Respite From Your Arthritis? Attempt The Following ...

Each and every year, adult men and women have to deal with the usually Air Max debilitating results and signs and symptoms of joint disease. The truth is, there are other than 100 distinctive varieties of joint inflammation, that makes it most likely that you simply or somebody you know offers the disease. These carefully selected tips and tricks supply comprehension of the character of joint disease.

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Source: http://www.conservative-cabbie.com/?p=93160

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The Puzzling Silence Surrounding Richard Mourdock's Consulting ...

Richard Mourdock, as you may recall, is the Tea Party candidate who defeated Richard Lugar to win the Republican Senate nomination in Indiana.? In the course of researching Mourdock?s positions, I took a look at his career to see how that may have helped shape his views. In doing so, I ran into a bit of a puzzle.

Mourdock is a former oil company geologist and coal company executive. But his most recent job before running for public office is a bit mysterious. I found at least fifty websites that say ?Mourdock founded a successful environmental consulting business? ? often in exactly those words ? but not one that gave the name of the company or said anything about its activities. A great many sites also followed wikipedia by adding that the firm provided ?various services to numerous clients.? But no one provides any details, not even the name of the firm. There is a strange gap in public information.

I?ve heard that Mourdock worked primarily for fossil fuel companies, especially coal companies in the context of coal settling ponds and potential fine coal extraction, as well as slurry assessments.? But I haven?t seen anything in writing about this.

There?s also the question of the identity of the ?successful consulting firm? that he founded. Some sleuthing by my fellow blogger, Rhead Enion, revealed a Mourdock connection with Sub-Tech Environmental Services.? It?s hard to find much information about Sub-Tech or its activities, but one of the officers was Tom Gabe.? According to the website of Gabe?s current company, Heritage Petroleum,? in 1989 Gabe formed Subsurface Technology (Sub-Tech), an environmental services and emergency spill response company servicing 33 states across the country; it was acquired by Koester Companies, Inc. in 1994.? It?s unclear what roles Gabe and Mourdock played in the operation of Sub-Tech, or how Sub-Tech related to the separately incorporated Sub-Tech Environmental Services.? Gabe and Mourdock are both prominent supporters of international missionary work, so that may have been their initial contact.

Another Sub-Tech officer, Eric B. Dodd, was the founder of Summit Civil Services, which seems to specialize in site preparation and hazardous waste issues. The relationships between Sub-Tech, Sub-Tech Environmental Services, and Summit are murky.

Finally, I also discovered that Mourdock owns a commercial photography business called TI-Images, though that seems less relevant. That business doesn?t seem to be mentioned on his website.

I?m not saying that there?s anything shady or unethical here.? Still, the gap in the public record is odd. You would expect to have a clearer public portrait of the career of a major party candidate for the Senate.? It?s almost as if the only information on the web was that Romney worked for a financial services firm, without giving Bain?s name or saying anything about its activities.

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Source: http://legalplanet.wordpress.com/2012/08/13/the-puzzling-information-gap-about-richard-mourdocks-consulting-business/

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Top quality Midlothian Food and Drink promoted at this year's Foodies

Published on 14 August 2012

Many local residents already know that Midlothian boasts a fantastic range of top-quality locally-based food and drink producers.

Now our economic development team have taken that message directly to the tens of thousands of visitors from around the globe who flock to Edinburgh at this time of year.
?
The team helped organise a Midlothian Food and Drink Exhibition at this year's ever-popular Foodies Festival which took place at Inverleith Park over the weekend. Midlothian's stand celebrated the excellence of food and drink producers and providers from across the county.
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The stand showcased four local businesses in particular - Supernature (Gorebridge) with their selection of infused cold pressed rapeseed oils, Magic T Pot (Gorebridge) with their hand-blended organic teas, Creme de la Cupake's (Bonnyrigg) selection of bespoke cupcake flavours, and Mo-Bo-Jo's (Roslin) selling their ultimate chocolate brownies.

This project is being part-financed by the Scottish Government, Midlothian Council and the European Community Tyne Esk Leader 2007-2013 Programme.

Source: http://www.midlothian.gov.uk/news/article/570/top_quality_midlothian_food_and_drink_promoted_at_this_years_foodies_festival

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viryaforlife: Commitment

Establishing stability in your practice creates more freedom in your life -
Christina Sell

To find?inner peace often?requires a practice, a commitment.
It is not a gift?given to?the special or lucky ones, but a choice you make.
To find inner peace, you must practice peace in every aspect of your life.

Just hearing the word ?commitment? can sometimes make even the most confident person nervous, anxious to find an exit strategy.
The truth is that most relationships require continuous commitment to take root and grow.

I will say that my yoga practice is?an ongoing relationship and it is not always sweet.

In the beginning it was just a flirt, weird and a high at the same time.
I wanted to practice every day, try new things and it was just so easy.
Like in the very beginning of a relationship. Maybe just a crush.
Or you continue to date more frequently.
You meet someone you really like and want to spend all your time with that person.
Like a carousel.
After the first year or so it started to be more challenging.
I didn`t like all the different qualities and especially not all the feelings it brought up.
I committed to my very first yogamat and continued to?join public classes.
It turned out to be a very long relationship.
A relationship?I was ready to work for.
Passionate.
Open for everything.

Stage 2 ( or 3 or 4 or 5)?are when you think this is really bad for you.
Or maybe want to quit.
You're asking yourself: maybe another practice/ workout/ style?may be better for me?
I feel so angry,?sad, insecure or depressed on my mat.Not?good enough.
Or maybe you feel?everything at the same time. Messy.
Stage 2 repeats itself a hundred times. Or more.?And it is always a breakthrough.
Hopefully you?decide to commit.
To work even more with the relationship. To grow. Expand.
You are a couple. A team. With ups and downs.
Inseparable & uniqe.
And you have to choose each other again and again and again.
After?a few years it is like a marriage.
A marriage you have to take care of. Nourish.
Discover over and over again.
Give love to.

We can turn anything we do into a practice by committing to do it with reverence.
Our commitments then become promises we make to ourselves.
Intentions we set instead of simply tasks we perform or rules we follow without much thought or contact with our essence.
Once?we find stability within, we are?free to listen to the wisdom and longing?of our?hearts.

More?about committment in the Yoga Sutra:

Yoga Sutras 1.19-1.22: Efforts and Commitment

Virya is the positive energy of ego that is the support for the faith of going in the right direction. This energy of virya puts the power behind your sense of knowing what to do. When you are strongly acting on what you know to be your correct path, that is virya. When you feel weak or uncertain, and are taking little action, that is from lack of virya. Virya is that conviction that says, "I can do it! I will do it! I have to do it"

Source: http://viryaforlife.blogspot.com/2012/08/commitment.html

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'Selfish' DNA in animal mitochondria offers possible tool to study aging

Monday, August 13, 2012

Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered, for the first time in any animal species, a type of "selfish" mitochondrial DNA that is actually hurting the organism and lessening its chance to survive ? and bears a strong similarity to some damage done to human cells as they age.

The findings, just published in the journal PLoS One, are a biological oddity previously unknown in animals. But they may also provide an important new tool to study human aging, scientists said.

Such selfish mitochondrial DNA has been found before in plants, but not animals. In this case, the discovery was made almost by accident during some genetic research being done on a nematode, Caenorhabditis briggsae ? a type of small roundworm.

"We weren't even looking for this when we found it, at first we thought it must be a laboratory error," said Dee Denver, an OSU associate professor of zoology. "Selfish DNA is not supposed to be found in animals. But it could turn out to be fairly important as a new genetic model to study the type of mitochondrial decay that is associated with human aging."

DNA is the material that holds the basic genetic code for living organisms, and through complex biological processes guides beneficial cellular functions. Some of it is also found in the mitochondria, or energy-producing "powerhouse" of cells, which at one point in evolution was separate from the other DNA.

The mitochondria generally act for the benefit of the cell, even though it is somewhat separate. But the "selfish" DNA found in some plant mitochondria ? and now in animals ? has major differences. It tends to copy itself faster than other DNA, has no function useful to the cell, and in some cases actually harms the cell. In plants, for instance, it can affect flowering and sometimes cause sterility.

"We had seen this DNA before in this nematode and knew it was harmful, but didn't realize it was selfish," said Katie Clark, an OSU postdoctoral fellow. "Worms with it had less offspring than those without, they had less muscle activity. It might suggest that natural selection doesn't work very well in this species."

That's part of the general quandary of selfish DNA in general, the scientists said. If it doesn't help the organism survive and reproduce, why hasn't it disappeared as a result of evolutionary pressure? Its persistence, they say, is an example of how natural selection doesn't always work, either at the organism or cellular level. Biological progress is not perfect.

In this case, the population sizes of the nematode may be too small to eliminate the selfish DNA, researchers said.

What's also interesting, they say, is that the defects this selfish DNA cause in this roundworm are surprisingly similar to the decayed mitochondrial DNA that accumulates as one aspect of human aging. More of the selfish DNA is also found in the worms as they age.

Further study of these biological differences may help shed light on what can cause the mitochondrial dysfunction, Denver said, and give researchers a new tool with which to study the aging process.

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Oregon State University: http://www.orst.edu

Thanks to Oregon State University for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/122483/_Selfish__DNA_in_animal_mitochondria_offers_possible_tool_to_study_aging

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